ANALISIS TINGKAT KESULITAN (DIFFICULTY LEVEL) SOAL PADA BUKU SEJARAH KEBUDAYAAN ISLAM KELAS 8 KURIKULUM 2013

R. Ahmad Nur Kholis

Abstract

This study aims at describing the difficulty level of task items presented in chapter 1 and 2 in a book titled “Buku Guru Kurikulum 13 Mata Pelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam (SKI) Kelas 8”. This book is published by the Ministry of Religion Affair in 2015. The major data source analyzed in this study is the test result done by the eighth graders of MTs Nahdlatul Ulama Karangploso. The subject of this study is the task items contained in the topics about (1) the footsteps of Abbasite Dynasty, and (2) the Brilliance of Islamic Scholars in the Era of Abbasite Dynasty. Two kinds of analysis technique are employed in this study namely (1) Descriptive Statistic Analysis, also called Social Statistics, and (2) Proportion of correct. The result of the study shows that task items on both discussions in the book are 100% in difficulty level.

Keywords: Difficulty Level, SKI Subject

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ANALISIS TINGKAT KESULITAN (DIFFICULTY LEVEL) SOAL PADA BUKU SEJARAH KEBUDAYAAN ISLAM KURIKULUM 2013

R. Ahmad Nur Kholis

Abstract

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proporsi tingkat kesulitan soal yang disajikan dalam bab 1 dan 2 Buku Guru Kurikulum 2013 Mata Pelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam (SKI) Kelas 8 (delapan) yang diterbitkan oleh Kemente-rian Agama tahun 2015. Data yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini adalah soal pada pembahasan tentang: (1) Jejak Peradaban Dinasit Abbasiyah; dan (2) Kecemerlangan Ilmuwan Muslim Dinasti Abbasiyah. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ada 2 (dua) yaitu: (1) Analisis statistik deskriptif atau yang disebut juga dengan statistik sosial; (2) Teknik analisis proporsi menjawab benar dalam analisis tingkat kesukaran (difficulty level). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa soal pada kedua pembahasan dalam buku SKI tersebut disajikan dengan proporsi: (1) 25% soal dalam kategori mudah; (2) 35% soal dalam kategori sedang; dan (3) 40% soal dalam kategori sulit (sukar).

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UNSUR-UNSUR BEHAVIORISME DALAM KEBIJAKAN WAKIL KEPALA MADRASAH BIDANG KURIKULUM MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH

R. Ahmad Nur Kholis

ABSTRACT

This study aims to: (1) describe the elements of forming of new behaviors that are expected (shaping) in the policy of the Deputy Head of Student Affairs of MTs Nahdlatul Ulama; (2) describe the elements of the unexpected loss of bad behavior in the policy of the Deputy Head of Madrasah in the Student Affairs of MTs Nahdlataul Ulama; (3) describe the elements of giving reinforcement to students' behavior that are in line with expectations in the policy of the Deputy Head of Student Affairs of MTs Nahdlatul Ulama. This type of research is research kualitataif that uses a case study approach. Data mining is done by means of interviews and observations. The results showed that: (1) the elements of the formation of student behavior (Shaping) in the policy field of Student Deputy Chief of MTs Nahdlatul Ulama is seen in the following matters: (a) the enforcement Hiatus Worshipers; (b) the existence of a code of conduct book used to record violations of Learners; (c) Actuating carried out student representatives; (d) delay in Registration of students in book order; (d) examination of learners who have not attended after the arrival of teachers in every classroom. (2) the elements of the unexpected behavior of the disappearance (Extinction) in policy Deputy Head of Student Field MTs Nahdlataul is as follows: (a) the granting of a culture that is relatively new compared to what there is in the House learners; (b) the awarding of the penalty for those who violate the rules set; and (c) in the process of the penalty of the learners are given a warning to give knowledge of the nilal religious and cultural values is good (3) grant of reinforcement elements (Reinforcemen) Deputy Head of the Madrasa in the policy field of Studentship in MTs Nahdlatul Ulama is seen in the following matters: (a) the giving of reward for good achievers Learners for academic or non academic; and (b) the gift-giving can be shaped or non meteri materials showing the achievements of Learners in a news bulletin or the school wall magazines.

KEYWORDS

Shaping; Extinction; Reinforcemen

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MANUSIA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN

R. Ahmad Nur Kholis

MTs Nahdlatul Ulama Karangploso Malang

Abstract

This article aims at discussing the correlation between human being and science. Science itself is also defined as the process of thinking to acquire knowledge. As time pasts, the human being has gone through many ways to reveal the truth. Those ways are (1) experience, (2) authority, (3) deductive reasoning, (4) inductive reasoning and (5) scientific approach. A scientific approach is the most appropriate way to seek the universal truth. There are two major ideas regarding the source of the truth. The rationalists say that the truth comes from reasoning (human ratio). Meanwhile, the empirics say that the truth comes from empirical experiences of the human senses. Some other ideas such as the idea of insight vision and intuition are not yet sufficient regarded as the source of the general truth. According to Sidi Gazalba, Science is divided into six (6) categories, namely (1) practical, (2) normative practical, (3) normative positive, (4) ideographic speculative, (5) nomothetic speculative and (6) theoretic speculative. In addition, three are three criteria of the universal truth, namely (1) the theory of coherent, (2) the theory of correspondence and (3) the theory of pragmatism. The scientific methodology is principally a way to arrive at the universal truth which elaborates the deductive and inductive reasoning.

Keywords: Human Being, Science, Knowledge, Scientific Method

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